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Fatwa Dewan Syari'ah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia no: 28/DSN-MUI/III/2002, tentang Jual Beli Mata Uang (Al-Sharf).
Menimbang :
a. Bahwa dalam sejumlah kegiatan untuk memenuhi berbagai keperluan, seringkali diperlukan transaksi jual-beli mata uang (al-sharf), baik antar mata uang sejenis maupun antar mata uang berlainan jenis.

b. Bahwa dalam 'urf tijari (tradisi perdagangan) transaksi jual beli mata uang dikenal beberapa bentuk transaksi yang status hukumnya dalam pandang ajaran Islam berbeda antara satu bentuk dengan bentuk lain.

c. Bahwa agar kegiatan transaksi tersebut dilakukan sesuai dengan ajaran Islam, DSN memandang perlu menetapkan fatwa tentang al-Sharf untuk dijadikan pedoman. Mengingat :
" Firman Allah, QS. Al-Baqarah[2]:275: "...Dan Allah telah menghalalkan jual beli dan mengharamkan riba..."
" Hadis nabi riwayat al-Baihaqi dan Ibnu Majah dari Abu Sa'id al-Khudri:Rasulullah SAW bersabda, 'Sesungguhnya jual beli itu hanya boleh dilakukan atas dasar kerelaan (antara kedua belah pihak)' (HR. al-baihaqi dan Ibnu Majah, dan dinilai shahih oleh Ibnu Hibban).
" Hadis Nabi Riwayat Muslim, Abu Daud, Tirmidzi, Nasa'i, dan Ibn Majah, dengan teks Muslim dari 'Ubadah bin Shamit, Nabi s.a.w bersabda: "(Juallah) emas dengan emas, perak dengan perak, gandum dengan gandum, sya'ir dengan sya'ir, kurma dengan kurma, dan garam dengan garam (denga syarat harus) sama dan sejenis serta secara tunai. Jika jenisnya berbeda, juallah sekehendakmu jika dilakukan secara tunai.".
" Hadis Nabi riwayat Muslim, Tirmidzi, Nasa'i, Abu Daud, Ibnu Majah, dan Ahmad, dari Umar bin Khattab, Nabi s.a.w bersabda: "(Jual-beli) emas dengan perak adalah riba kecuali (dilakukan) secara tunai.".
" Hadis Nabi riwayat Muslim dari Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, Nabi s.a.w bersabda: Janganlah kamu menjual emas dengan emas kecuali sama (nilainya) dan janganlah menambahkan sebagian atas sebagian yang lain; janganlah menjual perak dengan perak kecuali sama (nilainya) dan janganlah menambahkan sebagaian atas sebagian yang lain; dan janganlah menjual emas dan perak tersebut yang tidak tunai dengan yang tunai.
" Hadis Nabi riwayat Muslim dari Bara' bin 'Azib dan Zaid bin Arqam : Rasulullah saw melarang menjual perak dengan emas secara piutang (tidak tunai).
" Hadis Nabi riwayat Tirmidzi dari Amr bin Auf: "Perjanjian dapat dilakukan di antara kaum muslimin, kecuali perjanjian yang mengharamkan yang halal atau menghalalkan yang haram; dan kaum muslimin terikat dengan syarat-syarat mereka kecuali syarat yang mengharamkan yang halal atau menghalalkan yang haram."
" Ijma. Ulama sepakat (ijma') bahwa akad al-sharf disyariatkan dengan syarat-syarat tertentu.

Memperhatikan :
1. Surat dari pimpinah Unit Usaha Syariah Bank BNI no. UUS/2/878
2. Pendapat peserta Rapat Pleno Dewan Syari'ah Nasional pada Hari Kamis, tanggal 14 Muharram 1423H/ 28 Maret 2002.

MEMUTUSKAN
Dewan Syari'ah Nasional Menetapkan : FATWA TENTANG JUAL BELI MATA UANG (AL-SHARF).

Pertama : Ketentuan Umum
Transaksi jual beli mata uang pada prinsipnya boleh dengan ketentuan sebagai berikut:

a.Tidak untuk spekulasi (untung-untungan).
b.Ada kebutuhan transaksi atau untuk berjaga-jaga (simpanan).
c.Apabila transaksi dilakukan terhadap mata uang sejenis maka nilainya harus sama dan secara tunai (at-taqabudh).
d.Apabila berlainan jenis maka harus dilakukan dengan nilai tukar (kurs) yang berlaku pada saat transaksi dan secara tunai.

Kedua : Jenis-jenis transaksi Valuta Asing
a.Transaksi SPOT, yaitu transaksi pembelian dan penjualan valuta asing untuk penyerahan pada saat itu (over the counter) atau penyelesaiannya paling lambat dalam jangka waktu dua hari. Hukumnya adalah boleh, karena dianggap tunai, sedangkan waktu dua hari dianggap sebagai proses penyelesaian yang tidak bisa dihindari dan merupakan transaksi internasional.

b.Transaksi FORWARD, yaitu transaksi pembelian dan penjualan valas yang nilainya ditetapkan pada saat sekarang dan diberlakukan untuk waktu yang akan datang, antara 2x24 jam sampai dengan satu tahun. Hukumnya adalah haram, karena harga yang digunakan adalah harga yang diperjanjikan (muwa'adah) dan penyerahannya dilakukan di kemudian hari, padahal harga pada waktu penyerahan tersebut belum tentu sama dengan nilai yang disepakati, kecuali dilakukan dalam bentuk forward agreement untuk kebutuhan yang tidak dapat dihindari (lil hajah).

c.Transaksi SWAP yaitu suatu kontrak pembelian atau penjualan valas dengan harga spot yang dikombinasikan dengan pembelian antara penjualan valas yang sama dengan harga forward. Hukumnya haram, karena mengandung unsur maisir (spekulasi).

d.Transaksi OPTION yaitu kontrak untuk memperoleh hak dalam rangka membeli atau hak untuk menjual yang tidak harus dilakukan atas sejumlah unit valuta asing pada harga dan jangka waktu atau tanggal akhir tertentu. Hukumnya haram, karena mengandung unsur maisir (spekulasi).

Ketiga : Fatwa ini berlaku sejak tanggal ditetapkan, dengan ketentuan jika di kemudian hari ternyata terdapat kekeliruan, akan diubah dan disempurnakan sebagaimana mestinya.

Ditetapkan di : Jakarta
Tanggal : 14 Muharram 1423 H / 28 Maret 2002 M

DEWAN SYARI'AH NASIONAL
MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA

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